![]() Therefore, the anthropogenic chlorine emission inventory must be carefully evaluated and constrained. Higher HCl and PCl emissions can further enhance the atmospheric oxidation capacity, O 3, and PM 2.5. Both OH and HO 2 are increased throughout the day, while nitrate radicals (NO 3) and organic peroxy radicals (RO 2) show an opposite pattern during the daytime and nighttime. Detection was achieved using an Electrolyte as a Cathode Discharge source (ELCAD) in which the sample solution itself is used as the cathode for the discharge. Radicals show different responses to the inclusion of the multiphase chlorine chemistry during the daytime and nighttime. Atomic emission detection of metallic species in aqueous solutions has been performed using a miniaturised plasma created within a planar, glass micro-fluidic chip. Nitrate exhibits inhomogeneous variations, by up to 8% increase in Shanghai and 2–5% decrease in most of the domain. PM 2.5 is enhanced by 2–6%, mostly due to the increases in PCl, ammonium, organic aerosols, and sulfate. O 3 is enhanced in the high chlorine emission regions by up to 4% and depleted in the rest of the region. The developed model has significantly improved the simulated hydrochloric acid (HCl), particulate chloride (PCl), and hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxyl (HO 2) radicals. Multiphase chemistry of chlorine is coupled into a 3D regional air quality model (CMAQv5.0.1) to investigate the impacts on the atmospheric oxidation capacity, ozone (O 3), as well as fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and its major components over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region.
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